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                    程序结构
            
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                    类型
            
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                    常量
            
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                    复合数据类型
            
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                    Map
            
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                    结构体
            
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                    JSON
            
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                    文本和HTML模板
            
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                    函数
            
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                    函数声明
            
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                    函数值
            
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                    匿名函数
            
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                    可变参数
            
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                    Deferred函数
            
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                    Panic异常
            
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                    Recover捕获异常
            
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                    方法
            
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                    方法声明
            
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                    基于指针对象的方法
            
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                    通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型
            
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                    方法值和方法表达式
            
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                    示例: Bit数组
            
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                    封装
            
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                    接口
            
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                    接口是合约
            
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                    接口类型
            
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                    实现接口的条件
            
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                    flag.Value接口
            
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                    接口值
            
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                    sort.Interface接口
            
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                    http.Handler接口
            
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                    error接口
            
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                    示例: 表达式求值
            
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                    类型断言
            
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                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
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                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
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                    类型分支
            
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                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
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                    补充几点
            
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                    Goroutines和Channels
            
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                    Goroutines
            
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                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
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                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
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                    Channels
            
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                    并发的循环
            
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                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
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                    基于select的多路复用
            
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                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
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                    并发的退出
            
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                    示例: 聊天服务
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10" data-path="../ch9/ch9.html">
            
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                    基于共享变量的并发
            
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                    竞争条件
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.2" data-path="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
            
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                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.3" data-path="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
            
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                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
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                    内存同步
            
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                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
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                    竞争条件检测
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.7" data-path="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.8" data-path="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
            
                    
                    Goroutines和线程
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11" data-path="../ch10/ch10.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
            
                    
                    包和工具
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.1" data-path="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
            
                    
                    包简介
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.2" data-path="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
            
                    
                    导入路径
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.3" data-path="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
            
                    
                    包声明
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.4" data-path="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
            
                    
                    导入声明
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.5" data-path="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
            
                    
                    包的匿名导入
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.6" data-path="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
            
                    
                    包和命名
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.7" data-path="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
            
                    
                    工具
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12" data-path="../ch11/ch11.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
            
                    
                    测试
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.1" data-path="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                    
                    go test
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.2" data-path="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
                    
                    测试函数
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.3" data-path="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
            
                    
                    测试覆盖率
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.4" data-path="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
                    
                    基准测试
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.5" data-path="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
            
                    
                    剖析
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.6" data-path="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例函数
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13" data-path="../ch12/ch12.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
            
                    
                    反射
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1" data-path="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
            
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.2" data-path="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
            
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.3" data-path="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
            
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.4" data-path="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.5" data-path="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.6" data-path="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.7" data-path="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
            
                    
                    获取结构体字段标签
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.8" data-path="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
            
                    
                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.9" data-path="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
            
                    
                    几点忠告
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14" data-path="../ch13/ch13.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
            
                    
                    底层编程
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.1" data-path="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.2" data-path="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.3" data-path="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.4" data-path="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
            
                    
                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.5" data-path="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
            
                    
                    几点忠告
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15" data-path="../appendix/appendix.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix.html">
            
                    
                    附录
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.1" data-path="../appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
            
                    
                    附录A：原文勘误
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2" data-path="../appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
            
                    
                    附录B：作者译者
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3" data-path="../appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
            
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                    附录C：译文授权
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4" data-path="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
            
                    
                    附录D：其它语言
            
                </a>
            

            
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            </ul>
            
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                                <h2 id="810-&#x793A;&#x4F8B;-&#x804A;&#x5929;&#x670D;&#x52A1;">8.10. &#x793A;&#x4F8B;: &#x804A;&#x5929;&#x670D;&#x52A1;</h2>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x804A;&#x5929;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x6765;&#x7EC8;&#x7ED3;&#x672C;&#x7AE0;&#x8282;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x5411;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5E7F;&#x64AD;&#x6587;&#x672C;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#x6709;&#x56DB;&#x79CD;goroutine&#x3002;main&#x548C;broadcaster&#x5404;&#x81EA;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;goroutine&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;handleConn&#x548C;clientWriter&#x7684;goroutine&#x3002;broadcaster&#x662F;select&#x7528;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x4E0D;&#x9519;&#x7684;&#x6837;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5B83;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x4E09;&#x79CD;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x6F14;&#x793A;&#x7684;main goroutine&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;listen&#x548C;accept(&#x8BD1;&#x6CE8;&#xFF1A;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;)&#x4ECE;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8FC7;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;handleConn&#x7684;goroutine&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x7AE0;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;echo&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x91CC;&#x6240;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x6837;&#x3002;</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch8/chat</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    listener, err := net.Listen(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;tcp&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;localhost:8000&quot;</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> broadcaster()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
        conn, err := listener.Accept()
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
            log.Print(err)
            <span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> handleConn(conn)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x662F;broadcaster&#x7684;goroutine&#x3002;&#x4ED6;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;clients&#x4F1A;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x662F;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x53D1;&#x51FA;channel&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x8D44;&#x683C;&#x201D;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> client <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span>&lt;- <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// an outgoing message channel</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> (
    entering = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> client)
    leaving  = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> client)
    messages = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// all incoming client messages</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> broadcaster() {
    clients := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[client]<span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// all connected clients</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> msg := &lt;-messages:
            <span class="hljs-comment">// Broadcast incoming message to all</span>
            <span class="hljs-comment">// clients&apos; outgoing message channels.</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> cli := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> clients {
                cli &lt;- msg
            }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> cli := &lt;-entering:
            clients[cli] = <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>

        <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> cli := &lt;-leaving:
            <span class="hljs-built_in">delete</span>(clients, cli)
            <span class="hljs-built_in">close</span>(cli)
        }
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>broadcaster&#x76D1;&#x542C;&#x6765;&#x81EA;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x7684;entering&#x548C;leaving&#x7684;channel&#x6765;&#x83B7;&#x77E5;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x5230;&#x6765;&#x548C;&#x79BB;&#x5F00;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x5176;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5230;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;clients&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x8BE5;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x662F;&#x79BB;&#x5F00;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4F1A;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x53D1;&#x9001;channel&#x3002;broadcaster&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x76D1;&#x542C;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;channel&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x5411;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;channel&#x4E2D;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x5F53;broadcaster&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5230;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x5E7F;&#x64AD;&#x81F3;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x5230;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;goroutine&#x3002;handleConn&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F1A;&#x4E3A;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x53D1;&#x9001;channel&#x5E76;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;entering channel&#x6765;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x5230;&#x6765;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5B83;&#x4F1A;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x53D1;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;channel&#x6765;&#x5C06;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6587;&#x672C;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x51FA;&#x53BB;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x6761;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x5E26;&#x4E0A;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x8005;&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#x6765;&#x6807;&#x660E;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x8EAB;&#x4EFD;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x5B8C;&#x6BD5;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;handleConn&#x4F1A;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;leaving&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;channel&#x6765;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x79BB;&#x5F00;&#x5E76;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> handleConn(conn net.Conn) {
    ch := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// outgoing client messages</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> clientWriter(conn, ch)

    who := conn.RemoteAddr().String()
    ch &lt;- <span class="hljs-string">&quot;You are &quot;</span> + who
    messages &lt;- who + <span class="hljs-string">&quot; has arrived&quot;</span>
    entering &lt;- ch

    input := bufio.NewScanner(conn)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> input.Scan() {
        messages &lt;- who + <span class="hljs-string">&quot;: &quot;</span> + input.Text()
    }
    <span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> ignoring potential errors from input.Err()</span>

    leaving &lt;- ch
    messages &lt;- who + <span class="hljs-string">&quot; has left&quot;</span>
    conn.Close()
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> clientWriter(conn net.Conn, ch &lt;-<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> msg := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> ch {
        fmt.Fprintln(conn, msg) <span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> ignoring network errors</span>
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;handleConn&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;clientWriter&#x7684;goroutine&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5411;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x7684;channel&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5E7F;&#x64AD;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x5C06;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x5230;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x3002;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;broadcaster&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5230;leaving&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x5E76;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x4E86;channel&#x540E;&#x7EC8;&#x6B62;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x6F14;&#x793A;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5F53;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x6D3B;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5728;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7A97;&#x53E3;&#x4E2D;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;netcat&#x6765;&#x804A;&#x5929;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/chat
$ go build gopl.io/ch8/netcat3
$ ./chat &amp;
$ ./netcat3
You are 127.0.0.1:64208               $ ./netcat3
127.0.0.1:64211 has arrived           You are 127.0.0.1:64211
Hi!
127.0.0.1:64208: Hi!                  127.0.0.1:64208: Hi!
                                      Hi yourself.
127.0.0.1:64211: Hi yourself.         127.0.0.1:64211: Hi yourself.
^C
                                      127.0.0.1:64208 has left
$ ./netcat3
You are 127.0.0.1:64216               127.0.0.1:64216 has arrived
                                      Welcome.
127.0.0.1:64211: Welcome.             127.0.0.1:64211: Welcome.
                                      ^C
127.0.0.1:64211 has left&#x201D;
</code></pre><p>&#x5F53;&#x4E0E;n&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x4FDD;&#x6301;&#x804A;&#x5929;session&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;2n+2&#x4E2A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;goroutine&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5374;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x9501;&#xFF08;&#xA7;9.2&#xFF09;&#x3002;clients&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;map&#x88AB;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x5728;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;goroutine&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;broadcaster&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5B83;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x88AB;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x5730;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x3002;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;goroutine&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;channel&#x548C;net.Conn&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x4E1C;&#x897F;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x5730;&#x8BB2;&#x89E3;&#x7EA6;&#x675F;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;goroutine&#x4E2D;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x542B;&#x4E49;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 8.12&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x4F7F;broadcaster&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x5C06;arrival&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4F60;&#x5728;clients&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;entering&#x548C;leaving&#x7684;channel&#x4E2D;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 8.13&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x4F7F;&#x804A;&#x5929;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x65AD;&#x5F00;&#x7A7A;&#x95F2;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x6700;&#x8FD1;&#x4E94;&#x5206;&#x949F;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x3002;&#x63D0;&#x793A;&#xFF1A;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x5176;&#x5B83;goroutine&#x4E2D;&#x8C03;&#x7528;conn.Close()&#x6765;&#x89E3;&#x9664;Read&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;input.Scanner()&#x6240;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x6837;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 8.14&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x804A;&#x5929;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;entering&#x65F6;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;&#x5C06;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#x7531;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x6539;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 8.15&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x53CA;&#x65F6;&#x5730;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x88AB;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x3002;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;broadcaster&#x6765;&#x8DF3;&#x8FC7;&#x4E00;&#x6761;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x5176;&#x51C6;&#x5907;&#x597D;&#x8BFB;&#x5199;&#x3002;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x53D1;&#x9001;channel&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x7F13;&#x51B2;&#x533A;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5927;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x4FBF;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x4E22;&#x6389;&#xFF1B;broadcaster&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x975E;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x7684;send&#x5411;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;channel&#x4E2D;&#x53D1;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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